Law

edited by Hanno Lecher
Last updated on 5 Jul 2003, 37 main entries

Law: Top | General | Human Rights

General

East Asia

Asian Law Centre: Useful Research Links (Asian Law Centre (ALC), University of Melbourne, Australia)
(http://www.law.unimelb.edu.au/db/useful_links/alc/).
Language: English.
Site contents: (1) Search the Useful Links database; (2) Countries (Asia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China, East Timor, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Useful Links for Research, Vietnam); (3) Search Engines (Asia, Law, Law by Country); (4) Useful Links (Asia, General Sites, International Organisations, Law, Law by Country, Libraries, Universities, Useful Links for Research); [Categories of links: Banking & Finance, Constitutional Law, Consumer Protection, Corruption, Country Profile, Courts and Procedure, Dispute Resolution, Environmental Law, Government Institutions, Human Rights, Institutions in the System, Intellectual Property, Legislation].
Resource suggested via Asian Studies WWW Monitor (9 May 2003) by T.Matthew Ciolek, Australian National University, Australia.
Added 05 Jul 2003 (HL)
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China
易信 = exin.net (北京市人民政府法制辦公室 (Beijing Government Legal Affairs Office) ; 北京市經濟信息中心 (Beijing Goverment Economic Information Center))
(http://www.exin.net/law).
Language: Chinese (GB).
Description: An extremely rich site on Beijing and Chinese national law and regulations, jointly provided by the Beijing Government Legal Affairs Office and the Beijing Goverment Economic Information Center. The site also includes a powerful search engine.
Site contents: (1) 法律法規庫 Database of Laws and Regulations; (2) 立法動態 New Developments in Legislation; (3) 法規套餐 Service Packs on Laws and Regulations; (4) 律師導航 Database of Lawyers; (5) 案例集錦 Case Collection; (6) 法律咨詢 Ask a Lawyer.
Note: Some services are not free.
Added 07 Nov 2001 (HL)
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中國法律大全 (Complete Guide to Chinese Law) (中國企業集成 (Jincao.com), 北京市企業管理資訊中心網路部 (Internet department, Beijing city business management information center), Beijing, China)
(http://www.jincao.com/t1.htm).
Language: Chinese (GB).
Description: An extensive (complete?) collection of Chinese laws and regulations, available fulltext and for free. More features seem to be in preparation.
Site contents: (1) 全國各省市法律服務機構 Law companies and organizations in China (currently available: one entry for Beijing); (2) 最新頒佈法律法規 Recently issued laws and regulations; (3) 中國法律分類檢索 Subject index to Chinese law.
Added 05 Jul 2003 (HL)
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Zhengce fagui 政策法規(Laws and Regulations) (China State Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, China)
(http://www.chinainfo.gov.cn/policy/index.htm).
Language: Chinese (GB).
Description: Part of ChinaInfo, this site provides fulltext versions of some of the most important national and regional laws and regulations of the PR China (Constitution 憲法; Basic Law of the SAR Hong Kong 港特別行政區基本法; General Principles of the Civil Law 民法通則; and others).
Added/revised on 11.11.1997
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Internet Law Library - China (Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives, USA)
(http://www.priweb.com/internetlawlib/57.htm).
Language: English.
Description: A rich and very useful list of links related to law in China, Taiwan, Tibet, and Hong Kong.
Added 26 Nov 1998 (HL), last revised 01 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Internet Chinese Legal Research Center (Wei Luo, Washington University School of Law Library, St. Louis, Missouri, USA)
(http://ls.wustl.edu/Chinalaw/).
Language: English.
Self description: "This site intends to provide links to Chinese (Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong) legal resources on the Internet, legal research guides and other information related to Chinese legal research."
Description: Maintained since 1996 by Wei Luo ��, Associate Law Librarian and Director of Technical Services, Washington University School of Law Library, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. The section on China is still frequently updated and very useful, the Taiwan section has been last modified in 1997.
Site contents: A. Mainland China: (1) Legal Resources on the Internet with annotations and links; News Resources on the Internet with annotations and links; (2) A Strategy to Start Searching or Update the Laws of the People's Republic of China (written by Wei Luo); (3) A List of Chinese Law Courses/Seminars Offered in North American Law Schools; (4) A List of Summer Chinese Law Study Programs Sponsored by American Institutes and Hosted by Chinese or Hong Kong Law Schools; B. Taiwan: (1) Government and Legal Resources on the Internet; (2) Constitution and Guidelines for National Unification in Full Text; (3) Background Information and News Resources on the Internet; C. Hong Kong: (1) Legal Resources on the Internet; (2) Government Resources on the Internet; (3) Background Information and News Resources on the Internet.
Thanks to Daniel Shapiro for updating information.
Added 23 Jun 1998, last revised 07 Jun 2001 (HL)
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Chinalaw Web (China Law Society & the University of Maryland School of Law, USA)
(http://www.qis.net/chinalaw/).
Language: English, with some parts also available in Chinese.
Description: Self description: "The mission of the Chinalaw Web is to provide information about Chinese law and the legal system in greater China. The Chinalaw Web includes an in-depth analysis of the three different legal jurisdictions in China; the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROC) and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. The site includes translations of Chinese laws and regulations from mainland China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC) as well links all Hong Kong law and over thirty legal articles on various topics related to Chinese law." Site contents: Chinese Law in English, Chinese Law in Chinese, Chinese Law Explained, Chinalaw Services, Information on China, News from China, Other Law Related Sites, Other China Related Sites.
Note: Frames capable browser needed!
Added/revised on 10.03.1998
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Law-On-Line
(http://lawhk.hku.hk/lolpage.shtml).
Language: English.
Description: Provided by the Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong, this site offers Asian law and business information in both Chinese and English. Includes the full text of PRC law and China Daily. Registered users can now use the site's China Finance Databases. The China Financial market information is provided by the research department of Shanghai International Securities Company (SISCO) on a daily basis.
Last revised 01 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Deutsch-Chinesische Juristenvereinigung e.V.
(http://www.jura.uni-freiburg.de/dcjv/).
Language: German.
Description: Homepage of the German Chinese Association of Lawyers in Bonn, Germany. The aim of the DCJV is to promote understanding of Chinese law in Germany as well as of German law in China. The association has members in both countries. As part of its efforts the DCJV also publishes - in cooperation with the Universities of Goettingen (Germany) and Nanjing (PR China) - a Newsletter on recent developments of law in China. Site contains: Description of the DCJV; Calendar of Events; Statutes and Articles of the Association; Managing Committee; Newsletter.
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中國婦女網 (China Women Net) (中華全國婦女聯合會 (All China Women's Fed.), Beijing, China)
(http://www.women.org.cn).
Language: Chinese (GB).
Site contents: (1) 首页 Home (新聞動態 News; 維權 Our Rights; 發布欄 Bulletin Board; 學習與思考 Study and Think; 女性人物 Women Personalities; etc.); (2) 全國婦聯 All China Women's Federation; (3) 文獻資料 Archive (工作簡報 Work Reports; 有關法律法規 Related Laws and Regulations; 党和國家領導講話 Speeches of the Party and the Nation's Leaders; etc.); (4) 光輝歷程 Chronicle; (5) 經典活動 Activities; etc.
Added 26 Apr 2001 (HL)
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Chinese Contract Law Forum (Babelcom, San Bruno, CA, USA)
(http://www.cclaw.net/).
Language: English.
Supplied note: "This site contains the English version of the Unified Chinese Contract Law adopted by the NPC on March 15, 1999, and serves as a discussion forum for people interested in the development and study of Chinese Contract Law issues."
Resource suggested via the Asian Studies WWW Monitor (03 Apr 1999) by John Jiang (jiangxiansheng@hotmail.com).
Added/revised on 24. Apr. 1999
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong WWW Virtual Library - Law
(http://www.asiawind.com/hkwwwvl/#law).
Language: English.
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HK Bilingual Laws Information System (Department of Justice, Hong Kong Government, China)
(http://www.justice.gov.hk).
Language: Both English and Chinese (Big5) available.
Description: This is the official database of the Department of Justice of Hong Kong. Self-description: "The database contains the statutory Laws of Hong Kong in English and Chinese (about 95000 A4 pages). In addition, it also contains selected constitutional documents, including the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Basic Law of the HKSAR and Chinese National laws applying to Hong Kong. An English/Chinese Glossary of terms used in the Laws will be available soon." Site contents: Hong Kong Letters Patent; Hong Kong Royal Instructions; Standing Orders of the Legislative Council; Revised Edition of the Laws Ordinance; Laws (Loose-leaf Publication) Ordinance; Sino-British Joint Declaration; Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Chinese National laws applying to HK.
Added/revised on 28.12.1997
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Law - General: Up | East Asia | China | Hong Kong | Taiwan | Singapore

Taiwan
Chinalaw Web (China Law Society & the University of Maryland School of Law, USA)
(http://www.qis.net/chinalaw/).
Language: English, with some parts also available in Chinese.
Description: Self description: "The mission of the Chinalaw Web is to provide information about Chinese law and the legal system in greater China. The Chinalaw Web includes an in-depth analysis of the three different legal jurisdictions in China; the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of China on Taiwan (ROC) and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. The site includes translations of Chinese laws and regulations from mainland China (PRC) and Taiwan (ROC) as well links all Hong Kong law and over thirty legal articles on various topics related to Chinese law." Site contents: Chinese Law in English, Chinese Law in Chinese, Chinese Law Explained, Chinalaw Services, Information on China, News from China, Other Law Related Sites, Other China Related Sites.
Note: Frames capable browser needed!
Added/revised on 10.03.1998
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Faling fagui 法令法規 (Laws and Regulations) (Yam Web Navigator, Taiwan)
(http://dir.yam.com/gov/leg/laws/).
Language: Chinese (Big5); English.
Description: Annotated links to sites related to Taiwanese law.
Added 07 Nov 1999 (HL), last revised 01 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Taiwan Documents Project (TDP) (Chi Yung-chang, Taiwan Documents Project, Los Angeles, USA)
(http://www.taiwandocuments.org/).
Language: English.
Resource type: Documents.
Self description: "[... A] collection of current and historical Taiwan-related international agreements and other documents [... examining] Taiwan's international relations, legal status, and history."
Description: No sources are given for the texts (all English translations of the original documents).
Site contents: (1) Summary of international agreements affecting Taiwan's status; (2) Discussion on the concept of sovereignty and methods of acquiring it; (3) Discussion on the impact of race, culture, history, human rights, global security, and other issues on the Taiwan Question; (4) Reference Map of Taiwan; (5) Treaties (1662-1978); (6) Japan Second World War Surrender Documents (Sep 1945); (7) Second World War Conference Declarations (1943-1945); (8) United States of America - People's Republic of China Joint Communiques (1972-1982); (9) Japan - People's Republic of China Joint Communiques and Other Statements (1972-1998); (10) United States Laws Governing Relations with Taiwan; (11) Taiwan-related United States Legislative Activity (103-106th Congress); (12) Pre-1949 Chinese Communist Party Documents relating to Taiwan; (13) United Nations Documents (1945-1999); (14) Law of Treaties (1933-1986); (15) Other Documents (Constitution of the RoC (1946-1997), February 28th Incident (1947-1997), Statements by the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (1971-1999)); (16) Glossaries (Terms Used in Treaty-making, Terms Relating to Treaty Actions); (17) Taiwan-related Links.
Resource suggested via the Asian Studies WWW Monitor (08 Oct 1999) by Yung-chang Chi (Yung-chang.Chi@juno.com).
Added 13 Oct 1999, last revised 02 Nov 2000
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Singapore

Women's Charter of Singapore
(http://www.gov.sg/agc/agcciss/acts/c353/c353.htm).
Language: English.
Description: "An Act to provide for monogamous marriages and for the solemnization and registration of such marriages; to amend and consolidate the law relating to divorce, the rights and duties of married persons, the maintenance of wives and children and the punishment of offences against women and girls; and to provide for matters incidental thereto."

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Law: Top | General | Human Rights

Human Rights

East Asia

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices (Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, USA)
(http://www.state.gov/g/drl/hr/c1470.htm).
Language: English.
Resource type: Study.
Self description: "The Country Reports on Human Rights Practices are submitted annually by the U.S. Department of State to the U.S. Congress. The reports cover internationally recognized individual, civil, political, and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights."
Description: 1993-95 reports are to be viewed in gopher-format, since 1996 in HTML-format.
Resource suggested via the Asian Studies WWW Monitor (14 Mar 2000) by The Scout Report (scout-report@hypatia.cs.wisc.edu).
Added 20 Mar 2000 (HL), last revised 01 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) (Hong Kong, PR China)
(http://www.hk.super.net/~ahrchk/).
Language: English.
Description: Self description: "The AHRC is an independent non-governmental body which will seek to promote greater awareness and realization of human rights in the Asian region, and mobilize Asian and international public opinion to obtain relief and redress for the victims of human rights violations. The AHRC will focus on pressing human rights concerns within the Asian regional as they are seen by the Commission to issues of civil and political rights, although it will also be concerned with the protection of cultural, social, economic rights and the right to development." Site contents: About AHRC; Publications (incl. lists of contents); AHR Charter; Programs; Independence of Judiciary (not available yet); HR Appeals; Asian Countries (texts on HR issues in various Asian countries).
Note: Frames capable browser needed!
Added/revised on 02.06.1998
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China
China Society for Human Rights Studies (CSHRS) 中國人權研究會 (CSHRS, PR China)
(http://www.humanrights-china.org/).
Language: Chinese (GB), English.
Description: Self description: "The China Society for Human Rights Studies (CSHRS), a national academic society, is a nongovermental organization in special consultative status with the United National Economic and Social Council (UNESC). [...]" Established in 1993, the CSHRS promotes China's stand on Human Rights through information on the following topics: (1) Legislation (planned); (2) Institutions (planned); (3) Human Rights in China (planned); (4) International Seminar (papers delivered at the "International Symposium on World Human Rights Toward the 21st Century", Oct 20, 1998, Beijing); (5) Human Rights and UN (link to the UNHRHC - United Nations Human Rights High Commission); (6) White Book (on-line version of "Human Rights in China", published by the Information Office of the State Council, People's Republic of China, Beijing 1991); (7) New Books (planned); (8) Q & A (planned); (9) Events (planned); (10) Forum (contains articles such as "Differences on Human Rights Between China and the West" and "China has Worked Unremittingly for Human Rights", etc.).
Information supplied by Thomas Kampen, Lund Univ., Sweden.
Added/revised on 27.10.1998
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Human Rights Issues (Chinese Embassy in Washington, USA)
(http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/c2714.html).
Language: English.
Description: The official PR China view expressed on current HR issues.
Last revised 26 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Human Rights in China (HRIC) 中國人權 (Human Rights in China, USA/Hong Kong)
(http://iso.hrichina.org/)
Language: English, with parts also available in Chinese (GB, Big5).
Description: Self description: "This site contains information, in both English and Chinese, produced by the organization, Human Rights in China. It includes regular press releases, reports, articles from the quarterly journal, China Rights Forum, organizational work reports, educational materials, action ideas and links to other sites. Subjects covered include political prisoners and dissent, legal reform, freedom of association, women's rights, workers' rights, children's rights and so on. Since its founding in March 1989, Human Rights in China has become one of the major sources of information about human rights conditions in the PRC."
Added 02 Jun 1999 (HL), last revised 01 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Amnesty International (AI) On-line
(http://www.amnesty.org/).
Language: English.
Description: Contains many reports on China in its News Release section as well as in the Amnesty International Report Summaries. In their library you'll also find the Amnesty International China Documents containing an extensive report on their China campaign of March 1996 offering the following sections: (1) The Law and Abuse of Power; (2) Imprisoning Those Who Speak Out; (3) Other Targets of Repression; (4) Torture and Impunity; (5) The Death Penalty; (6) China and the World; (7) Conclusions and Recommendations.
AI Hong Kong and AI Taiwan maintain their own homepages.
Last revised 26 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Human Rights Watch / Asia: China and Tibet
(http://www.hrw.org/asia/china.php).
Language: English.
Description: A site providing news on HR affairs in connection with China. Keyword search is possible.
Last revised 26 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Laogai Research Foundation (LRF) 勞改基金會 (The Laogai Research Foundation, Washington, DC, USA)
(http://www.laogai.org/).
Language: English.
Resource type: Corporate Info./Documents.
Self description: "A non-profit organization [est. in 1992 by Hongda Harry Wu] dedicated to collecting information about China's vast system of forced labor camps."
Description: The site includes a search index.
Site contents: (1) News (Prisons/Forced Labor; Population Control; Organ Harvesting; Dissent; Human Rights in Foreign Policy); (2) Links (Other Organizations; Documents); (3) Reports (incl. 'Feb 1998 - The International Sale of Chinese Prisoners' Organs'); (4) Pictures; (5) Testimony; (6) Publications (Bibliography of books, reports, essays and films about China's Laogai); (7) Commentary; (8) About LRF; (9) Laogai Handbook (5th edition 1998: documents more than 1,200 camps, past and present. Each listing includes the prison name, its industry name, population, what the camp may produce, and other information gathered by the LRF).
Resource suggested via the Asian Studies WWW Monitor (19 Nov 1999) by Tom Nichols (nicholst@earthlink.net).
Added/revised on 19 Nov 1999
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China Human Rights Sheet
(http://www.christusrex.org/www1/sdc/hr_facts.html).
Language: English.
Description: This fact sheet (March 95) was prepared by the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Center for Human Rights: (1) Controls on Expressions and Associations, (2) Torture and Ill-Treatment of Prisoners, (3) Lack of Judicial Independance and Due Process, (4) Death Penalty, (5) Tibet, (6) Women, (7) Resource List.
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Support Democracy in China
(http://www.christusrex.org/www1/sdc/sdchome.html).
Language: English.
Description: A volunteer community organization promoting human rights in China through peaceful means.
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Wei Jingsheng - China's Spirit of Democracy
(http://www.echonyc.com/~wei/).
Language: English.
Description: Information about Wei Jingsheng, the most prominent Chinese dissident imprisoned by China. The site includes his detailed biography and several of his essays and articles. Unfortunately this site has not been updated since 1996, so nothing is to be found on Wei Jingsheng's release in November 1997 and his move to the United States.
Last revised 26 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Free Harry Wu Campaign
(http://www.christusrex.org/www1/sdc/harry_wu.html).
Language: English.
Description: The international campaign to free Chinese-American scholar and human rights supporter Harry Wu (arrested June 1995 - freed Aug 1995).
Last revised 26 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Citizens Against Communist Chinese Propaganda
(http://www.afn.org/~afn20372/pol/caccp.html).
Language: English.
Description: This is the homepage of a "group of dedicated volunteers who are against the inclusion of 'minority' and religious exhibits at the Chinese Communist Party owned and operated Florida Splendid China theme park in Kissimmee, Florida." This site includes information on political issues related to minorities in China going far beyond the limited scope of the above mentioned theme park in Florida.
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China's Public Relations Strategy on Tibet. Classified Documents from the Beijing Propaganda Conference in March 1993 (International Campaign for Tibet (ICT), Washington, USA)
(http://www.afn.org/~afn20372/pol/bp.html).
Language: English.
Description: Self-description: "[...] The documents were prepared for a March, 1993 meeting of [Chinese - ed.] government officials to review an external propaganda strategy regarding Tibet [...] The International Campaign for Tibet (ICT) obtained these classified documents from an anonymous source in China. The [...] Chinese language documents, while not reproduced here, are available from ICT." Site contents: (1) Introduction; (2) International Implications (Portrayal of the United States; Implications for Most Favored Nation Status; Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government in Exile; Sino-Tibetan Negotiations; United Nations; Tibetans in Exile; Media Strategy Inside Tibet; Tibet and Taiwan; Conclusion); (3) Excerpts of the Documents on Key Issues (Importance of Tibet for China's World Image; Strategy Towards the Dalai Lama; Criticism of the United States; The United Nations and Non-Governmental; Organizations; 'Eradicating' the Tibetan Opposition; Suppressing Negative Domestic News; West is 'Main Target'; Overall Strategy on foreign Media; Role of Academics and Research; Manipulation of foreign Media; Policy of Dividing Tibetans in Exile; Attitude Toward Negotiations over Tibet; News only for foreign Consumption; Political Use of Cultural Exchanges; On Preparing Effective Propaganda Materials); (4) The Documents.
Added/revised on 16.12.1997
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Hong Kong
Amnesty International - Hong Kong
(http://www.amnesty.org.hk/).
Language: Chinese (simplified and traditional); English.
Description: Website maintained by Amnesty International's Hong Kong section.
Last revised 26 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Politics - Human Rights: Up | East Asia | China | Hong Kong | Macau | Tibet | Xinjiang | Taiwan

Macau

Politics - Human Rights: Up | East Asia | China | Hong Kong | Macau | Tibet | Xinjiang | Taiwan

Tibet
Human Rights Watch / Asia: China and Tibet
(http://www.hrw.org/asia/china.php).
Language: English.
Description: A site providing news on HR affairs in connection with Tibet. Keyword search is possible.
Last revised 26 Feb 2003 (JH).
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See also the General Information: Tibet section above!
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Xinjiang
uygur.org - East Turkestan Information Center (ETIC) (East Turkestan Information Center, Nürnberg, Germany)
(http://www.uygur.org/).
Language: English, German, Turkish, Chinese (GB).
Description: The East Turkistan Information Center is propagating independence from China and offers information on various aspects of Uyghur life and the Chinese repressions in Xinjiang, including news reports (print and voice).
Site contents: (1) East Turkistan History; (2) WUNN Newsletter (World Uyghur Network News); (3) Archives & Pictures; (4) Human Rights; (5) Weather; (6) Uyghur Music; (7) Uyghur Organization; (8) ETIC Reports; (9) Miscellaneous; (10) Daily World News; (11) National Congress; (12) Real Media Files; (13) Contact us; (14) Guestbook
Added 19 Sep 2002 (HL), last revised 01 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Taiwan
Amnesty International - Taiwan
(http://www.aitaiwan.org.tw/).
Language: Chinese (Big5); English.
Description: Website maintained by Amnesty International's Taiwan section.
Last revised 26 Feb 2003 (JH).
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Human Rights Watch / Asia: Taiwan
(http://www.hrw.org/asia/taiwan.php).
Language: English.
Description: A site providing news on HR affairs in connection with Taiwan. Keyword search is possible.
Last revised 26 Feb 2003 (JH).
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